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            <title><![CDATA[#112: Use an Oscilloscope and Signal Generator help tune an HF Antenna, measure complex impedance]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/gEZr7ZWnFSJcDjW3F4uB4g</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:47:18 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This is a two part video:  Part 1 shows one way to use a scope, signal generator, and a simple circuit to help you visually tune an HF antenna with an antenna tuner (or via antenna adjustments).  Part 2 shows how you can estimate the complex imped...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is a two part video:  Part 1 shows one way to use a scope, signal generator, and a simple circuit to help you visually tune an HF antenna with an antenna tuner (or via antenna adjustments).  Part 2 shows how you can estimate the complex impedance of the antenna system (antenna and feedline) using the same setup.  This method should work reasonably well for HF frequencies with a carefully built fixture and setup.  Parasitics and other sources of uncertainty will likely start to become significant at frequencies above 30MHz or so.  Part 1 runs for the first 9 minutes, and part 2 picks up at the 9:00 mark.</p>
<p>Cool!  This video got posted to Hack-A-Day!<br />
<a href="http://hackaday.com/2013/09/20/visually-tune-your-hf-antenna-using-an-oscilloscope-and-signal-generator/#more-103434" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://hackaday.com/2013/09/20/visually-tune-your-hf-antenna-using-an-oscilloscope-and-signal-generator/#more-103434</a></p>
<p>Notes from this video can be found here:<br />
<a href="http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/Use_scope_to_tune_HF_antenna_meas_complexZ.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/Use_scope_to_tune_HF_antenna_meas_complexZ.pdf</a></p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#112: Use an Oscilloscope and Signal Generator help tune an HF Antenna, measure complex impedance</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">This is a two part video:  Part 1 shows one way to use a scope, signal generator, and a simple circuit to help you visually tune an HF antenna with an antenna tuner (or via antenna adjustments).  Part 2 shows how you can estimate the complex imped...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#111: How to make a high performance oscilloscope probe socket]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/9ba5aZ9gLpcnWFSm82Ypj3</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:47:06 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This short video shows a simple way to make a very high performance socket to connect your oscilloscope probe to your circuit.  It features very low ground inductance which minimizes distortion, thus preserving signal integrity.  In a previous vid...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This short video shows a simple way to make a very high performance socket to connect your oscilloscope probe to your circuit.  It features very low ground inductance which minimizes distortion, thus preserving signal integrity.  In a previous video:<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zodpCuxwn_o" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zodpCuxwn_o</a><br />
I showed the effects of ground inductance on the measured waveform quality.  This socket design minimizes ground inductance so that signal integrity is preserved, even a high frequencies.  This method can be adapted to different probe styles and circuit configurations.</p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#111: How to make a high performance oscilloscope probe socket</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">This short video shows a simple way to make a very high performance socket to connect your oscilloscope probe to your circuit.  It features very low ground inductance which minimizes distortion, thus preserving signal integrity.  In a previous vid...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#140: Basics of an Op Amp Summing Amplifier]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/kuXtRoyMF1R3Lu5f2BgDg5</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:45:28 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[A tutorial on the basics of an inverting and non-inverting summing amplifier using an op amp.  The video assumes a basic knowledge of how inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using op amps work.  If you are unfamiliar with this, I'd recommend vi...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A tutorial on the basics of an inverting and non-inverting summing amplifier using an op amp.  The video assumes a basic knowledge of how inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using op amps work.  If you are unfamiliar with this, I'd recommend viewing my video on how to easily understand the operation of most opamp circuits:<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K03Rom3Cs28" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K03Rom3Cs28</a><br />
or Dave Jones (EEVBlog)'s video on op amp basics:<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FYHt5XviKc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FYHt5XviKc</a><br />
The theory is presented, and measurements are made on the bench using the same circuit configurations shown in the theory.  The circuit on the bench is based on an LM358 op amp powered off of a +/-15V split power supply.  The analysis of this circuit is done using superposition (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition_theorem" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition_theorem</a>)<br />
A copy of the notes in the video can be found here:<br />
<a href="http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/Opamp_summing_amplifier.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/Opamp_summing_amplifier.pdf</a></p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#140: Basics of an Op Amp Summing Amplifier</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">A tutorial on the basics of an inverting and non-inverting summing amplifier using an op amp.  The video assumes a basic knowledge of how inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using op amps work.  If you are unfamiliar with this, I'd recommend vi...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#141: What is an Eye Pattern on an Oscilloscope - A Tutorial]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/wVW6EHvvTtYeMEH6hpE9gm</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/wVW6EHvvTtYeMEH6hpE9gm</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:45:04 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This video describes the basic concept behind eye patterns on an oscilloscope and how they can be used to evaluate the quality and signal integrity of a serial bit stream or data stream. It discusses how signal impairments such as jitter, ringing,...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This video describes the basic concept behind eye patterns on an oscilloscope and how they can be used to evaluate the quality and signal integrity of a serial bit stream or data stream. It discusses how signal impairments such as jitter, ringing, overshoot, undershoot, noise, etc. can all be evaluated on a serial bit stream using an eye pattern.</p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#141: What is an Eye Pattern on an Oscilloscope - A Tutorial</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">This video describes the basic concept behind eye patterns on an oscilloscope and how they can be used to evaluate the quality and signal integrity of a serial bit stream or data stream. It discusses how signal impairments such as jitter, ringing,...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#155: Circuit Fun: Auto-ranging Analog Voltmeter for a variable power supply]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/aRzV3Tg1QMcWW8Uxg4txvL</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/aRzV3Tg1QMcWW8Uxg4txvL</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:44:49 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This video describes and demonstrates a fun little circuit that is designed to create a automatically switching, dual-range analog voltmeter which is intended to be built into a variable power supply.  By using two ranges, it permits accurately se...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This video describes and demonstrates a fun little circuit that is designed to create a automatically switching, dual-range analog voltmeter which is intended to be built into a variable power supply.  By using two ranges, it permits accurately setting a low voltage such as 3.3 or 5V, as well as accurately setting a higher voltage like 24V.  Setting a low voltage using a high voltage meter is not very precise, hence the reason I put this together.  The circuit is demonstrated, and the schematic is reviewed to describe the operation.</p>
<p>Of course, there are many ways this can be done - this is just one example.  It uses one of my favorite little analog ICs, the LM10 op amp and reference. The LM10 (designed by the legendary Bob Widlar) is used as a voltage reference and comparator with hysteresis.  A zener diode is used as a shunt regulator.  There's an indicator LED to show when the meter is in the high range, and a 2N7000 enhancement mode n-channel MOSFET is used to change the resistors associated with the analog meter.</p>
<p>A PDF of the drawings can be found here:<br />
<a href="http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/Automatic_dualrange_analog_voltmeter.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/Automatic_dualrange_analog_voltmeter.pdf</a></p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#155: Circuit Fun: Auto-ranging Analog Voltmeter for a variable power supply</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">This video describes and demonstrates a fun little circuit that is designed to create a automatically switching, dual-range analog voltmeter which is intended to be built into a variable power supply.  By using two ranges, it permits accurately se...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#144: Use Arduino Uno to create spinning XY graphic on an Oscilloscope]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/nmAJSisDEfruNap6BASp7G</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/nmAJSisDEfruNap6BASp7G</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:44:26 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This short video presents a simple project to create a spinning figure on an oscilloscope using an Arduino Uno and a pair of R2R digital-to-analog converters.  This project is the result of combining a couple of ideas from past projects into one. ...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This short video presents a simple project to create a spinning figure on an oscilloscope using an Arduino Uno and a pair of R2R digital-to-analog converters.  This project is the result of combining a couple of ideas from past projects into one.  Here are links to the projects mentioned in the video:<br />
Johngineer's Oscilloscope Christmas Tree blog:<br />
<a href="http://www.johngineer.com/blog/?p=648" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.johngineer.com/blog/?p=648</a><br />
Drawing XY Graphics using an Arduino video:<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dx9N91FnPdo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dx9N91FnPdo</a><br />
R2R Ladder Digital to Analog Converter video:<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AulX1OM7RwE" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AulX1OM7RwE</a><br />
Arduino code:<br />
<a href="https://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//code/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//code/</a></p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#144: Use Arduino Uno to create spinning XY graphic on an Oscilloscope</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">This short video presents a simple project to create a spinning figure on an oscilloscope using an Arduino Uno and a pair of R2R digital-to-analog converters.  This project is the result of combining a couple of ideas from past projects into one. ...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#114: Tutorial: Common Emitter, Common Collector, and Common Base Transistor amplifiers]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/dq6w1dgDVGNkSNehdNLL2P</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/dq6w1dgDVGNkSNehdNLL2P</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:42:15 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Back to Basics tutorial on the fundamentals of the three bipolar transistor amplifier topologies. The basic configuration and characteristics of each type of amplifier are discussed and demonstrated.  This video does not provide detailed design in...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Back to Basics tutorial on the fundamentals of the three bipolar transistor amplifier topologies. The basic configuration and characteristics of each type of amplifier are discussed and demonstrated.  This video does not provide detailed design instruction, but rather just a basic introduction to each type, their basic characteristics and applications, and demonstrations of their operation. A copy of the video drawings can be found here:<br />
<a href="http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/Common_Emitter_CC_CB_amplifiers.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/Common_Emitter_CC_CB_amplifiers.pdf</a></p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#114: Tutorial: Common Emitter, Common Collector, and Common Base Transistor amplifiers</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">Back to Basics tutorial on the fundamentals of the three bipolar transistor amplifier topologies. The basic configuration and characteristics of each type of amplifier are discussed and demonstrated.  This video does not provide detailed design in...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#113: Basics of Transistor bias point and the class of amplifier operation]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/ap2skcJ3DRAKFJFKtB5W2j</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/ap2skcJ3DRAKFJFKtB5W2j</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:41:44 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Please note that towards the end of this video, where I am showing different bias conditions, that the resistor connected from base to ground is actually 4.7kohms, not 2.7k as shown in the video. This is corrected in the show notes available below...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Please note that towards the end of this video, where I am showing different bias conditions, that the resistor connected from base to ground is actually 4.7kohms, not 2.7k as shown in the video. This is corrected in the show notes available below. This video gives the basics of the bias point, also called operating or quiescent point, of a bipolar transistor (BJT).  For a BJT, there are three operating regions: Cutoff, Active and Saturation (note, these names differ a little when dealing with FETs). The Q-point will influence the "class of operation" of an amplifier circuit.  Class A, B, C and AB are discussed and demonstrated. A copy of the video drawings can be found here:<br />
<a href="http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/Bias_point_and_Class_of_operation.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/Bias_point_and_Class_of_operation.pdf</a></p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#113: Basics of Transistor bias point and the class of amplifier operation</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">Please note that towards the end of this video, where I am showing different bias conditions, that the resistor connected from base to ground is actually 4.7kohms, not 2.7k as shown in the video. This is corrected in the show notes available below...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#119: Basics of Resolution Bandwidth and Video Bandwidth in a Spectrum Analyzer (RBW VBW)]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/uhUFH2ndYP3P4aDcbPSwmW</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/uhUFH2ndYP3P4aDcbPSwmW</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:41:32 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This is a tutorial and demonstration of the basics of the Resolution BW (RBW) and Video BW (VBW) functions in a Spectrum Analyzer.  You may wish to review the "Basics of a Spectrum Analyzer" video if you are unfamiliar with the basic functions and...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is a tutorial and demonstration of the basics of the Resolution BW (RBW) and Video BW (VBW) functions in a Spectrum Analyzer.  You may wish to review the "Basics of a Spectrum Analyzer" video if you are unfamiliar with the basic functions and block diagram of a swept spectrum analyzer.  Here is the link for that video:<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Y6ji0QBsww" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Y6ji0QBsww</a><br />
This video covers the definition of these terms, where they exist in the analyzer, what they do, and the effects they have on the displayed results.</p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#119: Basics of Resolution Bandwidth and Video Bandwidth in a Spectrum Analyzer (RBW VBW)</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">This is a tutorial and demonstration of the basics of the Resolution BW (RBW) and Video BW (VBW) functions in a Spectrum Analyzer.  You may wish to review the "Basics of a Spectrum Analyzer" video if you are unfamiliar with the basic functions and...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#136: What is a dB, dBm, dBu, dBc, etc. on a Spectrum Analyzer?]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/3Ci9bvx5kWzhcd9SiFDvro</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/3Ci9bvx5kWzhcd9SiFDvro</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:41:18 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This tutorial  video gives the basics of the typical amplitude units used on a spectrum analyzer. It gives a basic description of the electronic definition of the decibel (dB), some of the properties of the dB, why it is used.  It describes that t...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This tutorial  video gives the basics of the typical amplitude units used on a spectrum analyzer. It gives a basic description of the electronic definition of the decibel (dB), some of the properties of the dB, why it is used.  It describes that the dB is a relative measurement. These relative measurements can be expressed as absolute measurements when a known reference is used/implied.  This is where the terms dBm, dBu, dBmv, etc. come from.  Finally, the term dBc is described.  Each of the descriptions is followed with practical examples and demonstrations on an oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer. Notes from the video are here:<br />
<a href="http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/What_is_dBm_dB_dBc_etc.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/What_is_dBm_dB_dBc_etc.pdf</a></p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#136: What is a dB, dBm, dBu, dBc, etc. on a Spectrum Analyzer?</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">This tutorial  video gives the basics of the typical amplitude units used on a spectrum analyzer. It gives a basic description of the electronic definition of the decibel (dB), some of the properties of the dB, why it is used.  It describes that t...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#143: Transmission Line Terminations for Digital and RF signals - Intro/Tutorial]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/nC4xVPaZArRB5QWDXye9X6</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/nC4xVPaZArRB5QWDXye9X6</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:40:57 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[An introduction to why and when terminations are needed for transmission lines in both high speed digital applications and RF applications.  50 ohm termination examples are given, but the principles apply for other line impedances as well. The bas...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>An introduction to why and when terminations are needed for transmission lines in both high speed digital applications and RF applications.  50 ohm termination examples are given, but the principles apply for other line impedances as well. The basic operating principles of signal propagation down a transmission line and the effects of reflections coming from improperly terminated are covered.  Examples for digital-like signals as well as RF signals are given. A description and examples of what is meant by Standing Waves is also given. As a bonus, the properties of quarter wavelength transmission lines in RF applications is also presented. Notes from the video can be found here:<br />
<a href="http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/Transmission_Line_Terminations_Digital_RF.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.qsl.net/w/w2aew//youtube/Transmission_Line_Terminations_Digital_RF.pdf</a></p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#143: Transmission Line Terminations for Digital and RF signals - Intro/Tutorial</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">An introduction to why and when terminations are needed for transmission lines in both high speed digital applications and RF applications.  50 ohm termination examples are given, but the principles apply for other line impedances as well. The bas...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#153: How to tune up a Kenwood TS-830S hybrid rig / transceiver | TS-520 TS-530 TS-820]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/bSGwNEackgRdbZKVP3tQfP</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/bSGwNEackgRdbZKVP3tQfP</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:40:42 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[A quick video showing the proper procedure to quickly tune up the transmitter on a Kenwood hybrid rig like the TS-830S, TS-820S, TS-530S, TS-520S, etc. using the DRIVE, PLATE, LOAD, CAR and MIC gain controls. As always, you should tune up into a d...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A quick video showing the proper procedure to quickly tune up the transmitter on a Kenwood hybrid rig like the TS-830S, TS-820S, TS-530S, TS-520S, etc. using the DRIVE, PLATE, LOAD, CAR and MIC gain controls. As always, you should tune up into a dummy load if available.  Also, be sure to limit the transmit time while tuning to about 10 seconds or less. This is based on the user manual, and the excellent how-to guide offered on Terry K9TW's website <a href="http://www.k9tw.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.k9tw.com</a>.<br />
Of course, this video assumes that the rig is in proper operating conditions, with good tubes/valves, and properly aligned.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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            <media:title type="plain">#153: How to tune up a Kenwood TS-830S hybrid rig / transceiver | TS-520 TS-530 TS-820</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">A quick video showing the proper procedure to quickly tune up the transmitter on a Kenwood hybrid rig like the TS-830S, TS-820S, TS-530S, TS-520S, etc. using the DRIVE, PLATE, LOAD, CAR and MIC gain controls. As always, you should tune up into a d...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#125: Tektronix MDO4000B Enhancements - RF specs, Signal Analysis and WLAN WiFi Example]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/rvtviVjGEEsppTmk59CuhF</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/rvtviVjGEEsppTmk59CuhF</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:40:25 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This video presents the performance and feature enhancements included in the "B" version of the Tektronix MDO4000B series Mixed Domain Oscilloscope.  For an introduction to the MDO, please see this video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1oe45DP1_...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This video presents the performance and feature enhancements included in the "B" version of the Tektronix MDO4000B series Mixed Domain Oscilloscope.  For an introduction to the MDO, please see this video:<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1oe45DP1_4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1oe45DP1_4</a><br />
The B version includes performance enhancements on the Spectrum Analyzer, as well as a live-link to a comprehensive vector signal analysis software package called SignalVu-PC.  This is the same analysis that is native to the Tektronix RSA Realtime Spectrum/Signal Analyzers.  With this live link to SignalVu-PC, the MDO becomes a 1GHz wide vector signal analyzer.  This includes enough analysis bandwidth to analyze the new 802.11ac WiFi/WLAN signals which utilize up to 160MHz channels.  An example of basic vector signal analysis is shown, as well as an 802.11ac signal example.</p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#125: Tektronix MDO4000B Enhancements - RF specs, Signal Analysis and WLAN WiFi Example</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">This video presents the performance and feature enhancements included in the "B" version of the Tektronix MDO4000B series Mixed Domain Oscilloscope.  For an introduction to the MDO, please see this video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1oe45DP1_...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#137: Why your Function Generator's output voltage reading can be wrong]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/6Hf6whjyVnf35B56oZgHyp</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/6Hf6whjyVnf35B56oZgHyp</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:39:48 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This video reviews the two most common reasons why the output amplitude setting on a function or signal generator doesn't match what is read on an oscilloscope.  This can be due to an incorrect attenuation setting on the scope, but is most commonl...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This video reviews the two most common reasons why the output amplitude setting on a function or signal generator doesn't match what is read on an oscilloscope.  This can be due to an incorrect attenuation setting on the scope, but is most commonly due to the fact that the generator is not presented with the load impedance that it is expecting.  To correct this most common case, you can either use the correct load impedance, or tell the generator what load you are presenting it with.</p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#137: Why your Function Generator's output voltage reading can be wrong</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">This video reviews the two most common reasons why the output amplitude setting on a function or signal generator doesn't match what is read on an oscilloscope.  This can be due to an incorrect attenuation setting on the scope, but is most commonl...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#162: How to measure coax velocity factor VF and impedance Z]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/t3j5hfbE8oNKwzwbbHA4AX</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/t3j5hfbE8oNKwzwbbHA4AX</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:39:30 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This video shows some simple ways to measure the velocity factor (VF) and impedance of a known length of coax. (Please pardon the simple decimal point error in the metric conversion - see the annotations inline in the video - sorry about that!)   ...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This video shows some simple ways to measure the velocity factor (VF) and impedance of a known length of coax. (Please pardon the simple decimal point error in the metric conversion - see the annotations inline in the video - sorry about that!)<br />
It uses a simple TDR technique using a cheap homemade fast-edge pulse generator, as detailed in this video:<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9cP6w2odGUc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9cP6w2odGUc</a><br />
which is based on the simple schmitt trigger oscillator shown in this video:<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuXitMK3HSA" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuXitMK3HSA</a><br />
Here is a companion video that shows how to measure the length of a piece of coax, assuming that you know the VF:<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Il_eju4D_TM" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Il_eju4D_TM</a></p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#162: How to measure coax velocity factor VF and impedance Z</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">This video shows some simple ways to measure the velocity factor (VF) and impedance of a known length of coax. (Please pardon the simple decimal point error in the metric conversion - see the annotations inline in the video - sorry about that!)   ...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#142: Basics of High Voltage Probes and how to use them]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/iBhipK8d3uAR3eL5sUrYNV</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:38:55 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The basics of old-school high voltage probes that are used with multimeters, VTVMs and DMMs.  The basic theory of operation, construction and use of these probes is presented.  Some cautions about some unexpected behavior of modern DMMs is also pr...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The basics of old-school high voltage probes that are used with multimeters, VTVMs and DMMs.  The basic theory of operation, construction and use of these probes is presented.  Some cautions about some unexpected behavior of modern DMMs is also presented.  PLEASE NOTE: HIGH VOLTAGE CAN BE VERY DANGEROUS - DO NOT ATTEMPT TO MAKE ANY HIGH VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS IF YOU DO NOT KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING.  THIS VIDEO DOES <em>NOT</em> PRESENT ALL OF THE NECESSARY PRECAUTIONS THAT NEED TO BE TAKEN WHEN MEASURING HIGH VOLTAGE.</p>
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            <media:description type="plain">The basics of old-school high voltage probes that are used with multimeters, VTVMs and DMMs.  The basic theory of operation, construction and use of these probes is presented.  Some cautions about some unexpected behavior of modern DMMs is also pr...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#132: How to test MOSFETs with a DMM - a few methods...]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/ucgxjyQxtPBrVvYpdqAwgh</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:38:33 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This video shows a couple of methods you can use to test enhancement-mode MOSFETs.  An N-channel device is used in this video, but the same procedure can be followed for P-channel by simply properly changing the polarity.  The operation of the MOS...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This video shows a couple of methods you can use to test enhancement-mode MOSFETs.  An N-channel device is used in this video, but the same procedure can be followed for P-channel by simply properly changing the polarity.  The operation of the MOSFET as a switch is easily tested with just a DMM using the diode test function.  Also, a very simple test circuit is shown that will give a bit more insight into the operation of the MOSFET.</p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#132: How to test MOSFETs with a DMM - a few methods...</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">This video shows a couple of methods you can use to test enhancement-mode MOSFETs.  An N-channel device is used in this video, but the same procedure can be followed for P-channel by simply properly changing the polarity.  The operation of the MOS...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#127: Repair Log, Part 2: Icom IC-706MkIIG flex circuit replacement - DIY repair]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/cwcYShzjtgQiBdusZrvin1</link>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:38:24 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This video shows how to replace the flex circuit that connects the main board to the front panel connector on the Icom IC-706MkIIG transceiver.  It is a followup video from the Part 1 Repair Log which showed the repair / re-soldering of a connecto...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This video shows how to replace the flex circuit that connects the main board to the front panel connector on the Icom IC-706MkIIG transceiver.  It is a followup video from the Part 1 Repair Log which showed the repair / re-soldering of a connector on the main board.  Part 1 can be found here:<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWRpJhlE5kU" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWRpJhlE5kU</a></p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#127: Repair Log, Part 2: Icom IC-706MkIIG flex circuit replacement - DIY repair</media:title>
            <media:description type="plain">This video shows how to replace the flex circuit that connects the main board to the front panel connector on the Icom IC-706MkIIG transceiver.  It is a followup video from the Part 1 Repair Log which showed the repair / re-soldering of a connecto...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#208: Visualizing RF Standing Waves on Transmission Lines]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/gvMtjYHxo1DKo8HTGj3B8G</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/gvMtjYHxo1DKo8HTGj3B8G</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:12:36 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This video illustrates how RF (radio frequency) standing waves are created in transmission lines - through the addition of the forward (transmitted) wave and the reflected wave that results from improperly terminating the line or matching the load...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This video illustrates how RF (radio frequency) standing waves are created in transmission lines - through the addition of the forward (transmitted) wave and the reflected wave that results from improperly terminating the line or matching the load or antenna to the transmission line impedance.  I have done several videos that relate to transmission lines, terminations and reflections - all of which tell a piece of the story.  This video is another piece, and I hope it helps you to understand how standing waves are formed and what the "look" like.  This wikipedia link has some great graphics (shown in my video):<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_wave_ratio" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_wave_ratio</a><br />
Here's my video on transmission lines and terminations:<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_jxh0Qe_FY" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_jxh0Qe_FY</a><br />
Measuring the length and impedance of coax:<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Il_eju4D_TM" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Il_eju4D_TM</a><br />
How a directional coupler works:<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=byF1FLdbUiA" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=byF1FLdbUiA</a><br />
Measure velocity factor of coax:<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpIIftvQPFM" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpIIftvQPFM</a><br />
RF Detector Probe used in this video:<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8SKiyJUAlU" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8SKiyJUAlU</a><br />
<em>Brilliant</em> mechanical explanation and demonstration of wave propagation and reflections, courtesy of Bell Labs:<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DovunOxlY1k" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DovunOxlY1k</a><br />
...and if you read this far, here's a challenge...<br />
Brownie points to you if you can tell me how I created the "sliding" waveforms and displayed the static standing wave in the first half of the video.</p>
<p>Update: This video got posted on Hackaday!<br />
<a href="http://hackaday.com/2015/08/06/visualizing-rf-standing-waves/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://hackaday.com/2015/08/06/visualizing-rf-standing-waves/</a></p>
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            <media:description type="plain">This video illustrates how RF (radio frequency) standing waves are created in transmission lines - through the addition of the forward (transmitted) wave and the reflected wave that results from improperly terminating the line or matching the load...</media:description>
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            <title><![CDATA[#18: Use Oscilloscope with delayed time base to measure a RF Power detector]]></title>
            <link>https://stream.echo6.co/w/1reavXqgt1uzTvseusKXUY</link>
            <guid>https://stream.echo6.co/w/1reavXqgt1uzTvseusKXUY</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 22 Mar 2026 04:06:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This video shows how I used a scope and a signal generator to perform a quick check on the proper behavior of a broadband RF Power Detector that I recently picked up at a hamfest.  The signal generator is setup to produce a pulsed RF signal, and t...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This video shows how I used a scope and a signal generator to perform a quick check on the proper behavior of a broadband RF Power Detector that I recently picked up at a hamfest.  The signal generator is setup to produce a pulsed RF signal, and the scope is used to look at both the RF signal as well as the RF detector output signal.  The delayed timebase feature of the scope is used to zoom into the rising and falling edges of the RF pulse so that the response speed of the detector can be observed.  It is also shown that for this type of detector, the response is a strong function of the load presented at the detector output.</p>
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            <media:title type="plain">#18: Use Oscilloscope with delayed time base to measure a RF Power detector</media:title>
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